ABSTRACT
Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.
Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps , Cyprinidae , Soybeans , Seafood , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.
Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.
ABSTRACT
Background: ABO blood group is the most important of all blood group systems. A and B antibodies are present naturally in individuals from birth who lack the corresponding antigen on their red cells. Aims and Objective: The main aim of this study was to find out that whether there is any association between ABO blood group and body mass index (BMI) or there is no association between ABO blood group and BMI. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Physiology Of IIMSR, Lucknow in collaboration with department of Medicine. Data collection was done over a period of 6 months and a sample size came out to be 384 Anthropometric parameters were recorded using a standardized scale and blood group sampling was done in department of physiology using slide agglutination method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Result: Blood group distribution of individuals with normal BMI was 6.7% with O negative, 3.6% with O positive, 5.4% with A negative, 4.1% with A positive, 6.5 % with B negative, 2.8 % with B positive, 10.4% with AB negative, and 8.3% with AB positive. Conclusion: A significant association was found between the blood groups and obesity. The individuals with blood groups A and AB are more likely to develop obesity than the individuals with blood group O.
ABSTRACT
Background: High blood pressure and proteinuria are the hallmarks of pre-eclampsia, which develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. Even while pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been linked to an increased risk of pre-eclampsia in multiple studies in India, very few studies examine the condition’s causes. This kind of research is lacking among the North Indian population. This cross-sectional study examines the factors contributing to pre-eclampsia in the North Indian population. It is possible to use this study’s findings to undertake appropriate actions. Aim and Objective: We sought to determine if pre-pregnancy BMI and pre-eclampsia are linked among pregnant women in the North Indian community. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 270) were enrolled under the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A sphygmomanometer was manually used to measure the patient’s blood pressure. A positive dipstick test or the presence of 300 mg of protein in a 24-h urine sample was used to diagnose pre-eclampsia. A person’s weight and height were used to calculate their BMI (kg/m2). In India, the new weight-for-height ranges are: Underweight (18.5 kg/m2), normal or lean (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2), and obese (25 kg/m2). Result: There were three obese pre-eclampsia patients (23–24.9 BMI) and eight pre-eclampsia patients with pre-pregnancy BMIs of 25 or higher, including three overweight patients. There were no patients with pre-eclampsia in the pre-pregnancy BMI groups of underweight (18.5) and normal (18.5–22.9). There were three cases of mild pre-eclampsia (MP) in women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 30 or more. Still, no cases of severe pre-eclampsia (SP) or late onset preeclampsia (LOP) and no cases of early onset preeclampsia (EOP) were documented in the category of overweight women. Seven obese (25 BMI) pre-eclamptic women developed MP, whereas one patient developed MP following delivery. Seven cases of LOP, one case of SP, and one case of EOP were found in this category. Conclusion: A high pre-pregnancy BMI was found to be an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia, and there was a link found between pre-eclampsia and a high pre-pregnancy BMI. Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for women in their reproductive years, and a healthy BMI can be maintained with proper monitoring, nutritional counseling, and other methods.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the profile of different allergen sensitivities by skin prick test in patients with nasobronchial allergy (NBA). Materials and methods: A total of 130 patients of NBA were included in the study. Each NBA patient was subjected to the skin prick test with 44 allergens. Results: Out of 130 patients, 98 patients (75.4%) had both bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, 11 patients (8.5%) had allergic rhinitis, and 21 patients (16.2%) had bronchial asthma alone. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 60 years, with mean age 26.4 � 10.24 years. The most common allergen came out to be insects (26.2%) followed by dust mites (20.7%), dusts (7.4%), pollens (5.9%), fungi (5.2%), danders (3.8%), and silk (2.2%). Common insect antigens were moth and mosquito (28.9%) followed by the cockroach, housefly (24.4%), and honeybee (18.9%). Common dust allergens were grain dust and house dust. Among pollens, Amaranthus spinosus and Cassia siamea (13.3%) followed by Brassica campestris (12.2%) and Holoptelea integrifolia (10%) were common. Among fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger were common allergens. Conclusion: Common allergens in patients of NBA were identified. Allergen-specific immunotherapy can be a viable option for these patients.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding refractive error correction surgeries among undergraduate medical students.Study Design: In this study cross-sectional study design was used.Duration and Place of Study: The study was conducted amongst the undergraduate MBBS students studying at Dow Medical College, Karachi. The duration of study was seven months (August, 2019 till February, 2020).Methods: A sample size of 189 was calculated for the study with confidence level 95% and confidence limit 5%. Data was collected through a validated self-administered questionnaire which was divided in five subsections used to gain information regarding participant抯 demographics, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding refractive error surgeries. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS V.22.Results: In our study 189 students with a mean age of 21�8 years were included. Among the participants 112 (59.3%) had refractive errors. Glasses were used by majority 76 (67.9%) of participants for visual correction. Use of refractive error correction methods at all times was reported by 72 (66.7%) participants. Majority of respondents 142 (75.5%) had heard about surgery being used for correction of refractive errors. A large number of students 117 (66%) refused for surgery and fear of the outcomes was one of the reason for this refusal.Conclusion: We found that majority of the participants were aware about refractive error correction surgeries yet most of them showed unwillingness for these procedures. This negative attitude must be changed to positive in order to enhance the practice for these procedures.
ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) characterized by anovulation and features of hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical) and insulin resistance. Metformin and myoinositol being insulin sensitizers improve clinical and biochemical parameters. This study was done to compare the effects of these drugs on clinical features and biochemical profile.Methods: A randomized, comparative, clinical study was conducted on 72 patients. The patients were randomized with the help of computer-generated random numbers and were allocated to either of the three treatment groups A, B and C. Patients in group A received metformin 500 mg TDS, group B received myoinositol 1000 mg BD, group C received combination of metformin 500 mg and myoinositol 550 mg BD for 24 weeks. At first visit patients detailed history and baseline investigations were recorded. Follow up was done 24 weeks after start of therapy to assess the improvement in clinical and biochemical profile.Results: There was significant improvement in menstrual irregularities, cutaneous manifestations, pregnancy rate, LH/FSH ratio, insulin sensitivity and HOMA-IR after 24 weeks of treatment in all three groups (p value <0.05), although there was greater improvement in cases treated with combination of metformin and myoinositol than metformin and myoinositol alone.Conclusions: The combination of metformin and myoinositol has resulted in more significant reduction in insulin resistance and improvement in metabolic and hormonal profile along with regularization of menstrual cycles and spontaneous conception than metformin and myoinositol alone.
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Background: Thyroid hormones play critical roles in differentiation, growth, and metabolism. Thyroid hormone play important role in development of Central Nervous System and in myelination of neurons. hypothyroidism is a chronic and insidious disease caused by failure of thyroid hormone production mostly due to inflammation, thyroidectomy, use of I131, and anti-hyperthyroidism drugs. Involvement of Peripheral nerve is frequent in hypothyroid patients. Objective of study: To evaluate the dysfunction of Sensory Nerve in Hypothyroid patients. Methods: 30 patients of hypothyroidism were included in the study, detailed history and clinical examination was performed. 30 normal subjects were included as control. Nerve Conduction Studies were performed in neurophysiology lab of Physiology dept of JNMC Aligarh. Results: While comparing the Sensory Nerve Conduction velocity of Median nerves between the two groups, the Sensory NCV of right Median (44.59±8.39) is found to be significantly decreased in hypothyroid subjects. While comparing the Sensory latency of Median nerve between the two groups, the latency of right median nerve (3.69±.69), left median nerve (3.43±.80) is significantly increased bilaterally in hypothyroid subjects. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a definite cause of neuropathy, it affects sensory nerves first than motor nerves. We suggest performing electrophysiological studies in hypothyroid patients, even asymptomatic patients in an early course of disease. So we can prevent the progression of neuropathy
ABSTRACT
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antiserum introduced into clinical medicine more than 30 years ago. It induces a broad non-specific immunosuppression. In haematology, standard indications are severe aplastic anaemia and prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (after allogeneic transplantation). For aplastic anaemia, ATG from horses has been found to be superior to ATG from rabbits. In the situation of allogeneic transplantation, ATG lessens the risk of chronic GVHD but may not improve survival. There is current controversy regarding which patients benefit most from ATG and what the ideal dosage is. It is likely that in the coming years a more specific immunosuppressive will be developed that will minimize GVHD while maintaining the graft-versus-malignancy effect.
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is known from ancient time,and the treatment strategy evolved as our understanding of the disease changed with time. In 460 BC Hippocrates described breast cancer as a humoral disease and presently after a lot of studies breast cancer is considered as a local disease with systemic roots. For most of the twentieth century Halsted radical mastectomy was the "established and standardized operation for cancer of the breast in all stages, early or late". New information about tumor biology and its behavior suggested that less radical surgery might be just as effective as the more extensive one. Eventually, with the use of adjuvant therapy likeradiation and systemic therapy, the extent of surgical resection in the breast and axilla got reduced further and led to an era of breast conservation. The radiation treatment of breast cancer has evolved from 2D to 3D Conformal and to accelarated partial breast irradiation, aiming to reduce normal tissue toxicity and overall treatment time. Systemic therapy in the form of hormone therapy, chemotherapy and biological agents is now a well-established modality in treatment of breast cancer. The current perspective of breast cancer management is based on the rapidly evolving and increasingly integrated study on the genetic, molecular , biochemical and cellular basis of disease. The challenge for the future is to take advantage of this knowledge for the prediction of therapeutic outcome and develop therapies and rapidly apply more novel biologic therapeutics.
Subject(s)
Biological Factors/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Hormone Replacement Therapy/trends , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in 84 residents of Jammu & Kashmir between 1984-1988. The data were analyzed for variations of demographic factors, ethnicity and location of residence (urban/rural). The average annual incidence per 100,000 residents was 1.28. The rates for males and females were 2.02 and 0.71 per 10(5) persons/year respectively. The average incidence rate for Muslims was significantly higher than that for Hindus. Urban residents had significantly higher rates than rural population. Highest incidence rate (14.39) was in the age group of 65 yr and above.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Islam , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/epidemiology , Religion , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
A clinico radiological comparative study of complications in the anaesthetic foot in 60 patients (48 leprosy and 12 spinal injuries) were done. It has been observed that these groups behave differently.